What do bankers look at when they approve a credit request? Your credit history. Not only is it one of the 5C’s of Credit, your credit history is also determined by the 5H’s of Credit. They are what is used to calculate your credit score.
The 5H’s of Credit are what the credit score calculation looks at and measures to see how high your credit score is. If they are strong and your credit score is high, you will be approved and at a favorable interest rate. If the 5H’s of Credit are weak, you will be either declined outright, or if approved you will be given interest rates that are not favorable.
The first “H” is “How have you made your credit payments in the past?” It can be defined as your payment history. The second “H” is “How much money do you owe?” It can be defined as what if any are the balances you are carrying on your credit facilities. The third “H” is “How long have you had credit?” It can be defined as how old is your oldest credit account. The fourth “H” is “How much new credit do you have?” It can be defined as when was the last time you applied for credit. The fifth and final “H” is “How many types of credit do you have?” It can be defined as do you have a variety of credit types or, for example, do you only have credit cards?
Similar to the 5C’s of Credit, each of the 5H’s of Credit can be strengthened, and the stronger they are, the better the interest rates you will be offered. You have more control over the credit application process than you realize and you can start by strengthening each measurement that the banker looks at. Some may take time, while others may be done quickly. To strengthen others, it may take some work, or it may be easy to complete. Every person has a specific credit circumstance that they find themselves in, so what they need to do depends on where they are starting from.
The good news is that now that you know what the banker is looking at and that you can improve what they are looking at, you can begin today to use the control you have over the credit approval process by strengthening the 5H’s of Credit.
One way to strengthen the How is the Payment History “H” is to make your payments on time, every time. This is the biggest weighting in your credit score calculation at 35% of the total. The credit score calculation looks at the last 2 years worth of payments on each of your credit facilities so every payment makes a difference. The most recently made payments have the biggest impact, as does the most current missed payments, if any.
One way to strengthen the How Much is Owed “H” is to reduce any balances being carried on credit cards. The lower the balances you carry the better, as it shows that you do not need credit to cover day-to-day expenses and only use credit strategically. The lower the balances that are carried on credit cards, the more credit score points you will be awarded.
One way to strengthen the How Long is Credit History “H” is to keep your accounts open, even if you don’t use them. Do not close old accounts. Bankers may suggest that you close old unused accounts, so that they can approve more credit for you, but there is a cost. Closing old accounts shortens the age of your credit accounts. By removing any older accounts, you shorten the average age of your credit accounts. The older the average age of your accounts, the more credit score points you will receive.
One way to strengthen the How Much New Credit “H” is to not apply for new credit all of the time. Do not apply for the credit card that is being offered at the grocery store, or other store located in the mall. Do not complete every credit card application you get in the mail just because you received it. Every time you submit a credit application request, your credit report is looked at and an inquiry is placed on the report. Every inquiry costs you credit score points and every inquiry will cause a banker to ask more questions. The fewer the number of inquiries, the better.
One way to strengthen the How Many Types of Credit “H” is to have a variety of credit types. This is a combination of revolving credit (credit cards, line of credit etc.) and installment credit (car loan, retirement savings loan etc.) Having a mixture of different credit types shows that you can responsibly use different kinds of credit and you are rewarded with credit score points as a result. This counts for only 10% of your credit score calculation and is tied for the least amount of weight in the calculation.
You do have control over whether your credit application is approved or not. When you know the banker is looking at the 5H’s of Credit and you strengthen them before you make a request for credit, you are enabling the banker to say “You are approved!” Banks make money by lending out money, and the banker wants to approve your credit request. When you strengthen each of: 1) History of payments, 2) How much is owed, 3) How long is the credit history, 4) How much new credit, and 5) How many types of credit, you are making it easier for the banker to approve the application. Use the control that you have and strengthen the 5H’s of Credit.